As the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz, Rudolf Höss was an instrumental figure in the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan to systematically murder the Jews of Europe

As the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz, Rudolf Höss was an instrumental figure in the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan to systematically murder the Jews of Europe.

An early member of the Nazi Party, Höss later became a member of the SS. In early 1940, he arrived at newly built Auschwitz, where he lived at a nearby villa with his wife and children.

As commandant, Höss was soon tasked with the execution of the "Final Solution." He was instrumental in developing the gassing process, leading to the adoption of the pesticide Zyklon B in Auschwitz's gas chambers.

Höss recalled seeing the effects of Zyklon B gassing in action. "Protected by a gas mask, I watched the killing myself. In the crowded cells, death came instantaneously the moment the Zyklon B was thrown in. A short, almost smothered cry, and it was all over … ."

After a reassignment, Höss returned to Auschwitz in 1944 to oversee the mass murder of Hungarian Jews—code-named Operation Höss. This photo shows Höss (far right) at a celebration honoring him, likely for the completion of Operation Höss, at Solahütte, an SS resort near Auschwitz.

In the final days of Nazi Germany, Höss went into hiding under a false name but was eventually discovered. He was tried in Poland, where he admitted to overseeing Auschwitz's system of mass murder. Höss was found guilty and hanged in April 1947.

At least 1.1 million people died at Auschwitz.

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