Wilson Chinn, a freed slave from Louisiana, poses with the equipment used to punish slaves. Anti-slavery activists have used such images to raise awareness against the practice

Wilson Chinn, a freed slave from Louisiana, poses with the equipment used to punish slaves. Anti-slavery activists have used such images to raise awareness against the practice. 1863

"Slavery As It Is" is a book written about 1840 and was basically the first major abolitionist book in America.

Rather than preach about the badness of slavery, it was a detailed collection of hundreds of stories with evidence like clippings from southern newspapers.

They described devices like this that The slaves in pain for a month or more as a punishment. If a slaves tried tiki run away, they would clamp this in for a month or longer. Even permanently. It was designed to make the slave miserable, and if they died, that was a problem on one hand, but it served as a deterrent to other slaves.

This is a pretty good article I found. If you google his name, you will find other similar articles. Photos were

published in Harper's as propaganda. What I haven't found yet is what happened to him after. He was in some other photos with other slaves

including mixed children who were used to gain sympathy. Doesn't seem to be much on what happened to them.

The bat has spikes on it, so it's very brutal. The leather belt is on a stick to give leverage to the belt. We had something similar but much smaller at school in Scotland. It was just

the leather belt with three or four tougues on the end was called the tawes. People never seem to be short on ideas for hurting other people.

During slavery, it was pretty clear... you could own people of a certain colour. Once it was abolished, there were groups in power who still wanted to keep the upper hand, but I couldn't overtly do so.

Instead, laws were passed for things like literacy tests prior to voting, seperate but equal laws were passed to create black schools seperate from white schools, and tying voting to other activities, like being on a jury.

What happened was that the tests were not rigorous for black communities than white, so

fewer blacks were able to vote, black schools were massively inferior, and with fewer voters being black, you'd end up with fewer black jurors.

While even less Overt, this approach persists..Cocaine and Crack are the same drug, but the penalty for cocaine is far lighter than for crack.. Crack is found in black communities cocaine

is found in white ones, so blacks serve longer sentences than a white person for an equivalent crime.

The biggest issue with all this is because it's covert. Identifying and solving for the bias is really difficult, and those with bad intentions can hide behind a thin veneer of plausible logic.

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